M'munda wa mauthenga opanda zingwe, ndi kutchuka kwa ma terminals anzeru komanso kukula kwachangu kwa kufunikira kwautumiki wa data, kusowa kwazinthu zowoneka bwino kwakhala vuto lomwe makampani amayenera kuthana nalo mwachangu. Njira yachikhalidwe yogawa ma sipekitiramu makamaka imachokera pamagulu okhazikika afupipafupi, omwe samangowononga zinthu, komanso amachepetsa kuwongolera kwina kwa maukonde. Kuwonekera kwaukadaulo wamawayilesi ozindikira kumapereka njira yosinthira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a sipekitiramu. Pozindikira chilengedwe ndikusintha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ma sipekitiramu, wailesi yachidziwitso imatha kuzindikira kugawa kwanzeru kwazinthu zama sipekitiramu. Komabe, kugawana ma sipekitiramu kwa ogwira ntchito kumakumanabe ndi zovuta zambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zakusinthana zidziwitso ndi kasamalidwe kazosokoneza.
M'nkhaniyi, makina ogwiritsira ntchito mawailesi ambiri (RAN) amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito luso lamakono la wailesi. Mosiyana ndi kugawana ma sipekitiramu pama opareshoni, wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi atha kukwaniritsa kugawa koyenera kwazinthu zamitundumitundu mwa kugawana zidziwitso pafupi ndi kasamalidwe kapakati, kwinaku akuchepetsa zovuta zowongolera zosokoneza. Njirayi siyingangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito onse a maukonde, komanso imapereka kuthekera kwa kasamalidwe kanzeru kazinthu zamitundumitundu.
M'malo amtaneti a wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazidziwitso pawailesi kumatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Choyamba, kugawana zambiri pakati pa maukonde ndikosavuta. Popeza malo onse oyambira ndi ma node olowera amayendetsedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito yemweyo, dongosololi limatha kupeza zidziwitso zazikulu monga malo oyambira, malo ochezera, komanso kugawa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito munthawi yeniyeni. Thandizo latsatanetsatane komanso lolondola la deta limapereka maziko odalirika a kugawa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kachiwiri, njira yapakati yolumikizira zida imatha kukulitsa luso la kugwiritsa ntchito ma spectrum. Poyambitsa node yoyang'anira pakatikati, ogwira ntchito amatha kusintha njira zogawira ma sipekitiramu malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni zapaintaneti. Mwachitsanzo, m'nthawi yanthawi yayitali, zida zochulukira zitha kuperekedwa kumadera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, ndikusunga magawo ocheperako m'malo ena, potero atha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthika.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwongolera kusokoneza mkati mwa wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi ndikosavuta. Popeza ma netiweki onse ali pansi paulamuliro wa makina omwewo, kugwiritsa ntchito sipekitiramu kumatha kulinganizidwa chimodzimodzi kuti apewe zovuta zobwera chifukwa cha kusowa kwa njira zolumikizirana pamagawo anthawi zonse. Kufanana kumeneku sikumangowonjezera kukhazikika kwa dongosololi, komanso kumapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta kwambiri zowonetsera ma spectrum.
Ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito wailesi ya munthu m'modzi chili ndi zabwino zambiri, zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Choyamba ndi kulondola kwa spectrum sensing. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wamawayilesi uyenera kuyang'anira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka sipekitiramu pamanetiweki munthawi yeniyeni ndikuyankha mwachangu. Komabe, malo ovuta opanda zingwe atha kupangitsa kuti pakhale chidziwitso cholakwika cha mayendedwe, chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a sipekitiramu. Pachifukwa ichi, kudalirika ndi kuyankha liwiro la kawonedwe ka sipekitiramu kumatha kupitilizidwa poyambitsa makina ophunzirira makina apamwamba kwambiri.
Chachiwiri ndizovuta za kufalikira kwa njira zambiri ndikuwongolera zosokoneza. Muzochitika za ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, kufalikira kwamasigino kungayambitse mikangano pakugwiritsa ntchito sipekitiramu. Mwa kukhathamiritsa njira yosokoneza ndikuyambitsa njira yolumikizirana yothandizana, zotsatira zoyipa za kufalikira kwa ma multipath pakugawa kwa sipekitiramu zitha kuchepetsedwanso.
Chomaliza ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma dynamic spectrum allocation. Mu network yayikulu ya opareshoni m'modzi, kukhathamiritsa kwanthawi yeniyeni kwa kugawa kwamitundumitundu kumafuna kukonza kuchuluka kwa data. Kuti izi zitheke, kamangidwe ka makompyuta kagawidwe kangatengedwe kuti awononge ntchito yogawa ma sipekitiramu pa siteshoni iliyonse, potero kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa makompyuta apakati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waukadaulo wamawayilesi ku netiweki yolumikizana ndi mawayilesi ambiri sikungangokulitsa luso la kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu zamakanema, komanso kuyala maziko a kasamalidwe kanzeru zam'tsogolo. Pazinthu zanyumba zanzeru, kuyendetsa modziyimira pawokha, intaneti yazinthu zamafakitale, ndi zina zambiri, kugawa bwino kwa ma sipekitiramu ndi mautumiki ocheperako ocheperako ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wamawayilesi wa wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi umapereka chithandizo choyenera chaukadaulo pazochitika izi kudzera mu kasamalidwe koyenera kazinthu ndi kuwongolera kosokoneza.
M'tsogolomu, ndi kukwezedwa kwa maukonde a 5G ndi 6G komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mozama kwaukadaulo wanzeru zopangapanga, ukadaulo wapawayilesi wamunthu m'modzi ukuyembekezeka kukonzedwanso. Poyambitsa ma aligorivimu anzeru kwambiri, monga kuphunzira mozama ndi kulimbikitsa kuphunzira, kugawa bwino kwazinthu zamitundumitundu kumatha kukwaniritsidwa mumalo ovuta kwambiri pamaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa kulumikizana pakati pa zida, maukonde olumikizira mawayilesi ambiri a wogwiritsa ntchito m'modzi amathanso kukulitsidwa kuti athandizire kulumikizana kwamitundu ingapo komanso kulumikizana kwapakatikati pakati pa zida, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a network.
Kasamalidwe mwanzeru kazinthu zamitundumitundu ndi mutu wofunikira kwambiri pazambiri zamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe. Ukadaulo wapawayilesi wogwiritsa ntchito limodzi umapereka njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sipekitiramu ndi mwayi wake wogawana zidziwitso, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, komanso kuwongolera kasamalidwe kazosokoneza. Ngakhale zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo zikuyenerabe kuthetsedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito, maubwino ake apadera komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chitsogozo chofunikira pakupanga ukadaulo wamtsogolo wamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe. Pakufufuza kosalekeza ndi kukhathamiritsa, ukadaulo uwu uthandizira kulumikizana opanda zingwe kupita ku tsogolo labwino komanso lanzeru.
(Kuchokera pa intaneti, chonde titumizireni kuti tichotse ngati pali kuphwanya kulikonse)
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-20-2024
